![]() ![]() Pulling in upstream changes with Git merge results in a superfluous merge commit every time you want to see how the project has progressed. Rebasing is a common way to integrate upstream changes into your local repository. The following diagram demonstrates how rebasing onto the main branch facilitates a fast-forward merge. The former option results in a 3-way merge and a merge commit, while the latter results in a fast-forward merge and a perfectly linear history. You have two options for integrating your feature into the main branch: merging directly or rebasing and then merging. Learn more about git log and git bisect on their individual usage pages. The developer quickly finds the commit that introduced the bug and is able to act accordingly. Because the git history is clean, git bisect has a refined set of commits to compare when looking for the regression.The developer can not identify when the bug was introduced using git log so the developer executes a git bisect.A developer examines the history of the main branch using git log because of the "clean history" the developer is quickly able to reason about the history of the project.A feature that was working successfully is now broken. A bug is identified in the main branch.Why do we want to maintain a "clean history"? The benefits of having a clean history become tangible when performing Git operations to investigate the introduction of a regression. This gives the later benefit of a clean merge of your feature branch back into the main branch. You want to get the latest updates to the main branch in your feature branch, but you want to keep your branch's history clean so it appears as if you've been working off the latest main branch. For example, consider a situation where the main branch has progressed since you started working on a feature branch. The primary reason for rebasing is to maintain a linear project history. It's very important to understand that even though the branch looks the same, it's composed of entirely new commits. Internally, Git accomplishes this by creating new commits and applying them to the specified base. The general process can be visualized as the following:įrom a content perspective, rebasing is changing the base of your branch from one commit to another making it appear as if you'd created your branch from a different commit. Rebasing is most useful and easily visualized in the context of a feature branching workflow. ![]() Now you can see in our log that we have the commits four, three, two, one, and each of them are spelled correctly.Rebasing is the process of moving or combining a sequence of commits to a new base commit. Let's change this "three" down to "three" spelled correctly, and save the file. ![]() That will bring us to a screen where we can edit the commit message. Let's go to the line and replace "pick" with "r." Then we'll save this file. In our case, we want to reword the commit that says "three" there. Each of these commands comes with a shorthand, like p, or r, or e for edit, that we can use to apply to one or more of these commits. It also provides a list of commands we can choose from to apply to each of those commits, including pick, reword, edit, and squash. That's going to pull up a screen like this, which lists all of the commits made after the one that we chose - one, two, three, and four. In this case, we use the commit hash for first commit, 5c34605. To do that, we'll type "git rebase -i," followed by a commit hash that was made before the one we want to change. We're going to use the interactive rebase command to adjust the misspelled commit message. Now on the right-hand side, we can see all four additional commits - one, two, three, and four. Let's carry on and add four, git commit -m four. Let's add the third one, but this time, when we type git commit -m, we're going to misspell it on purpose. You'll see as we add these commits, they appear on the right-hand side of the screen. Let's add each of this to the Git repository one at a time - git add one, git commit -m one, git add two, git commit -m two. Type "touch one, two, three, four" to create four new files. The right-hand side of the screen is showing the continuous output of the Git log command. Instructor: Here I am in a Git repo with only one commit, called first commit. ![]()
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